REVIEW PAPER
Technogenic soils – soils of the year 2020 in Poland. Concept, properties and classification of technogenic soils in Poland
1
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Science and Environmental Protection, Grunwaldzka Str. 53, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
2
University of Zielona Gora, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Geoengineering and Reclamation, Prof. Z. Szafrana Str. 15, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
3
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Department of Soil Science and Landscape Management, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
4
Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, building no. 37, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
Submission date: 2020-09-30
Final revision date: 2020-11-01
Acceptance date: 2020-12-11
Online publication date: 2021-01-19
Publication date: 2021-01-19
Corresponding author
Cezary Kabała
Instytut Nauk o Glebie i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Polska
Instytut Nauk o Glebie i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Polska
Soil Sci. Ann., 2020, 71(4), 267-280
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
The Soil Science Society of Poland has elected technogenic soils to be the Soils of the Year 2020 to highlight the growing understanding of the functions of human-created or significantly human-transformed soils in urban and industrial agglomerations, inhabited by the majority of the human population. Technogenic soils differ greatly in their morphology and physicochemical properties, depending on the kind/way of human intervention and the anthropogenic parent material. Thus, technogenic soils may either form highly productive horticular or park habitats, or unproductive or even toxic sites, which urgently require remediation. This introductory paper presents (a) a history of defining and classification of technogenic soils in Poland, (b) present concept of technogenic soils in the Polish Soil Classification and crucial diagnostics, and (c) a brief review of the subtypes and varieties of technogenic soils, including their recognition in formerly published research reports and correlations with the FAO-WRB classification. The Polish Soil Classification has extended the soil definition to allow classifying soils on buildings and other constructions, and has defined artefacts, geomembrane, hard technogenic layer, thick dumped material and deep soil mixing - new diagnostic properties important for distinguishing and classification of technogenic soils. The type of Technogenic soils includes seven principal subtypes, i.e., Ekranosols, Urbisols, Industriosols, Edifisols, Constructosols, Aggerosols, and Turbisols, as well as three supplementary subtypes, i.e., humus, gleyed and stagno-gleyed.
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