Although the Białowieża Forest is considered one of the most important forest complexes in Europe, the only data about its soil cover were published in 1960s and from the core national park only. The aim of the present paper was an analysis of properties and variability of rusty soils (Brunic Arenosols) based on the results of soil-habitat investigation carried out in forest administration units of Białowieża, Hajnówka, and Browsk, which form the Forest Promotional Complex “Puszcza Białowieska” surrounding the Białowieża National Park. The prevalence of sandy parent materials (Warta/Saalian II glaciation) allowed the widespread development of rusty soils, which cover ca. 39% of the area. Spatial differentiation of these materials (glacial, glacio-fluvial, eolian, and dune sands, cover sand on loams, etc.), as well as common, fine- or coarse- textured interbeddings, supported the differentiation of rusty soils into three subtypes (typical, rusty-brown, and podzolic ones). Although the rusty soils are in general featured by strong acidification of the profile, low base cations content and low base saturation, the properties clearly differentiate among sub-types and result in relatively best trophic status of brown-rusty soils, why the worst trophic status – of the rusty podzolic soils. The variability of physicochemical properties in the soil profiles and among the subtypes of rusty soils resulted not only from the kind of parent material (which affected the texture and base cations), but also – directly or indirectly – the vegetation (which affects the organic carbon and nitrogen, acidity, pH, and base saturation). Forest species composition and forest management may have, therefore, impact on the direction and intensity of pedogenic soil transformation. The differentiation of soil subtypes was accompanied by different dominant forest habitats: broadleaf/mixed broadleaf forests, broadleaf mixed forests, and mixed coniferous forests on rusty-brown, rusty typical and rusty podzolic soil, respectively. The subtypes of rusty soils distinguished according to Classification of forest soils of Poland (2000) correlated well their analogues of the Polish soil classification (6^th edition, 2019). However, an application of the latter classification would result in a clear reflection of transitional soils (e.g. rusty-brown podzolic soils) and raised the classification level of soils having gleyic properties or containing carbonates, as well as some post-arable soils.