ORIGINAL PAPER
Risk identification of Hg and Pb in soil: a case study from Pangkep Regency, Indonesia
1
Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia
Submission date: 2020-07-07
Final revision date: 2021-01-14
Acceptance date: 2021-04-02
Online publication date: 2021-04-20
Publication date: 2021-04-20
Corresponding author
Ratna Dwi Puji Astuti
Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, KM.10, Tamalanre, 90245, Makassar, Indonesia
Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, KM.10, Tamalanre, 90245, Makassar, Indonesia
Soil Sci. Ann., 2021, 72(1)135394
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Lithogenic and anthropogenic activities can increase the concentration of heavy metals in the soil and degradation of environmental quality. Pangkajene dan kepulauan (Pangkep) regency is one of the areas in South Sulawesi Province which has severe environmental pressure. Twenty two surface soils of Pangkajene dan Kepulauan (Pangkep) regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia were collected in order to determine the contamination status and potential ecological risks. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were used to evaluate the contamination and risk level. The metal content in soils was determined using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer (CV-AAS) for Hg and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (F-AAS) for Pb. The results showed that the concentration of Hg and Pb ranged from 20.81- 223.47 mg kg-1 and 25.98-108.68 mg kg-1 respectively. Pb concentration in studied soil was below the quality standard for soil, whereas the Hg concentration was exceeded the soil quality standard. Agriculture field in Bungoro sub-district has the highest Hg concentration. The Igeo value showed that the soil in Pangkajene was extremely enriched with Hg and moderately enriched by Pb. The ecological risk index showed comprehensively the watershed area was at extreme risk level in need of effective monitoring and pollution control, and Hg is the important risk factor of Pangkajene watershed area.
REFERENCES (136)
1.
Abbas, H.H., Sakakibara, M., Sera, K., Arma, L.H., Sididi, M., 2020. Socioeconomic and Mercury Exposure to The Goldsmiths in Manggal Subdistrict of Urban Artisanal Gold Mining (UAGM) Area in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 589, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1....
2.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2007. Toxicological Profile for Lead. Atlanta, Georgia.
3.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 1999. Toxicological Profile for Mercury. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia.
4.
Ahamad, M.I., Song, J., Sun, H., Wang, X., Mehmood, M.S., Sajid, M., Su, P., Khan, A.J., 2020. Contamination Level, Ecological Risk, and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Hyporheic Zone of the Weihe River, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
6.
Aiman, U., Mahmood, A., Waheed, S., Malik, R.N., 2016. Enrichment, geo-accumulation and risk surveillance of toxic metals for different environmental compartments from Mehmood Booti dumping site, Lahore city, Pakistan. Chemosphere 144, 2229–2237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem....
7.
Arifin, Y.I., Sakakibara, M., Takakura, S., Jahja, M., Lihawa, F., Sera, K., 2020. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining activities and mercury exposure in Gorontalo Utara Regency, Indonesia. Toxicological Environmental Chemistry 102, 521–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/027722....
8.
Atafar, Z., Mesdaghinia, A., Nouri, J., Homaee, M., Yunesian, M., Ahmadimoghaddam, M., Mahvi, A.H., 2010. Effect of fertilizer application on soil heavy metal concentration. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 160, 83–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661....
9.
Bahar, S.N., Daud, A., Indar, 2012. Risiko Paparan Arsen Pada Masyarakat Sekitar Sungai Pangkajene Kecamatan Bungoro Kabupaten Pangkep. Jurnal Unhas. Universitas Hasanuddin.
10.
Bjørklund, G., Tinkov, A.A., Dadar, M., Rahman, M.M., Chirumbolo, S., Skalny, A. V., Skalnaya, M.G., Haley, B.E., Ajsuvakova, O.P., Aaseth, J., 2019. Insights into the Potential Role of Mercury in Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience 67 (4), 511–533. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031....
11.
Bose-O’Reilly, S., Drasch, G., Beinhoff, C., Rodrigues-Filho, S., Roider, G., Lettmeier, B., Maydl, A., Maydl, S., Siebert, U., 2010a. Health assessment of artisanal gold miners in Indonesia. Science of the Total Environment 408, 713–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
12.
Bose-O’Reilly, S., McCarty, K.M., Steckling, N., Lettmeier, B., 2010b. Mercury Exposure and Children’s Health. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care 40, 186–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppe....
13.
Bücker-Neto, L., Paiva, A.L.S., Machado, R.D., Arenhart, R.A., Margis-Pinheiro, M., 2017. Interactions between plant hormones and heavy metals responses. Genetics and Molecular Biology 40, 373–386. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4....
14.
Bugis, H., Daud, A., Agus, B., 2012. Studi Kandungan Logam Berat Kromium VI (Cr VI) Pada Air Dan Sedimen Disungai Pangkajene Kabupaten Pangkep. Repository Unhas, 1- 12.
15.
Castilhos, Z.C., Rodrigues-Filho, S., Rodrigues, A.P.C., Villas-Bôas, R.C., Siegel, S., Veiga, M.M., Beinhoff, C., 2006. Mercury contamination in fish from gold mining areas in Indonesia and human health risk assessment. Science of the Total Environment 368, 320–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
16.
CCME, 1999a. Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health: Mercury (inorganic). Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
17.
CCME, 1999b. Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health: Lead. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
18.
Chen, H., Zheng, C., 1996. Heavy Metals in the Soil-Water-Plant System, in: Pawłowski L., Lacy W.J., Uchrin C.G., D.M.R. (Ed.), Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment 2. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp. 311–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-....
19.
Chernova, O. V., Bezuglova, O.S., 2019. Use of Background Concentrations of Heavy Metals for Regional Monitoring of Soil Contamination by the example of Rostov Oblast. Eurasian Soil Science 52, 1007–1017. https://doi.org/10.1134/S10642....
20.
Christoforidis, A., Stamatis, N., 2009. Heavy metal contamination in street dust and roadside soil along the major national road in Kavala’s region, Greece. Geoderma 151, 257–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geod....
21.
Cui, Z., Wang, Y., Zhao, N., Yu, R., Xu, G., Yu, Y., 2018. Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin, Northeast China. Chinese Geographical Science 28, 797–809. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769....
22.
Da Silva, E., Nahmani, J., Lapied, E., Alphonse, V., Garnier-Zarli, E., Bousserrhine, N., 2016. Toxicity of mercury to the earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus in a tropical soil of French Guiana. Applied Soil Ecology 104, 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apso....
23.
Daniel, L., Jeims, K., Dansho, A., Arai, T., Miyazaki, N., 2004. Artisanal gold mining related mercury pollution in Ratatotok area of North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Coastal Marine Science 29, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.15083/00040....
24.
Daud, A., Sartika, D., Manyullei, S., 2015. Studi Kadar Tembaga Pada Air dan Ikan Gabus di Sungai Pangkajene Kecamatan Bungoro Kabupaten Pangkep. Repository Unhas, 1–10.
25.
Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan, 2017. Gambaran umum dan kondisi wilayah kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan, Rencana Program Investasi Jangka Menengah. Dinas PU Kabupaten Pangkep, Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan.
26.
Dowdy, R.H., Volk, V. V., 1983. Movement of Heavy Metals in Soils, in: Chmn, D.. N., Elrick, D.E., Tanji, K.. (Eds.), Chemical Mobility and Reactivity in Soil Systems. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 229–240. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssasp....
27.
Ebinghaus, R., Tripathi, R.M., Wallschläger, D., Lindberg, S.E., 1999. Natural and Anthropogenic Mercury Sources and Their Impact on the Air-Surface Exchange of Mercury on Regional and Global Scales, in: Mercury Contaminated Sites, 3–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
28.
El-Ansary, A., Bjørklund, G., Tinkov, A.A., Skalny, A. V., Al Dera, H., 2017. Relationship between selenium, lead, and mercury in red blood cells of Saudi autistic children. Metabolic Brain Disease 32(4), 1073–1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011....
29.
Fadirubun, N.A., Daud, A., Birawida, A.B., 2012. Kualitas air dan sedimen ditinjau dari parameter tembaga (Cu) studi pada air sungai Pangkajene Kabupaten Pangkep. Jurnal Unhas 1–10.
30.
Fatinaware, A., Fauzi, A., Hadi, S., 2019. Kebijakan Pengelolaan Ruang dan Keberlanjutan Kawasan Karst Maros Pangkep Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Journal of Agriculture Resource and Environmental Economics 2, 26–37. https://doi.org/10.29244/jaree....
31.
Fields, C.A., Borak, J., Louis, E.D., 2017. Mercury-induced motor and sensory neurotoxicity: systematic review of workers currently exposed to mercury vapor. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 47 (!0), 815–848. https://doi.org/10.1080/104084....
32.
Filho, S.R.P., Santos, R.L.C. dos, Boas, R.C.V., Yallouz, A.V., Peregovich, B., Pereira, D.M., Nascimento, F.M.F., Pedroso, L.R.M., Boese-O’Reilly, S., Drasch, G., Dittmann, A., Illig, S., Maydl, S., Lettmeier, B., 2004. Environmental and Health Assessment in Two Small-Scale Gold Mining Areas-Indonesia: Final Report Sulawesi and Kalimantan.
33.
Fitriani, A., Dini, I., 2014. Analisis Kandungan Logam Timbal (Pb) pada Sedimen dan Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) di Pantai Biringkassi Kecamatan Bungoro Kabupaten Pangkep. Jurnal Sainsmat 3(2), 191–202.
34.
Fitriani, A.N., Daud, A., Ruslan, 2013. Studi Konsentrasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) Dalam Sedimen dan Udang Di Perairan Sungai Pangkajene Kabupaten Pangkep. Repository Unhas, 1–8.
35.
Frossard, A., Donhauser, J., Mestrot, A., Gygax, S., Bååth, E., Frey, B., 2018. Long- and short-term effects of mercury pollution on the soil microbiome. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 120, 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soil....
36.
Goldie, H., Hoyk, E., Zseni, A., 2001. Heavy Metal Content of Some Hungarian and English Karst Soils. Acta Climatologica et Chorologica 34, 81–92.
37.
Gosar, M., Šajn, R., Teršič, T., 2016. Distribution pattern of mercury in the Slovenian soil: Geochemical mapping based on multiple geochemical datasets. Journal of Geochemical Exploration167, 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexp....
38.
Guo, T., Lou, C., Zhai, W., Tang, X., Hashmi, M.Z., Murtaza, R., Li, Y., Liu, X., Xu, J., 2018. Increased occurrence of heavy metals, antibiotics and resistance genes in surface soil after long-term application of manure. Science of the Total Environment 635, 995–1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
39.
Haeriah, H., 2019. Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd) Pada Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) di Pertambakan Kecamatan Pangkajene. Teknosains Media Informasi Sains dan Teknologi 12 (2), 176–188. https://doi.org/10.24252/tekno....
40.
Hakanson, L., 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.a sedimentological approach. Water Research 14, 975–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1....
41.
Han, F.X., Patterson, W.D., Xia, Y., Sridhar, B.B.M., Su, Y., 2006. Rapid Determination of Mercury in Plant and Soil Samples Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, a Comparative Study. Water Air and Soil Pollution 170, 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270....
42.
Harikumar, A.P.S., Prajitha, B.K., Silpa, C.S., 2010. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Sediments of a River Draining Into a Ramsar Site in the Indian Subcontonent. Jounal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology 1(2), 121–129.
43.
Hasan, O., Miko, S., Ilijanić, N., Brunović, D., Dedić, Ž., Šparica Miko, M., Peh, Z., 2020. Discrimination of topsoil environments in a karst landscape: An outcome of a geochemical mapping campaign. Geochemical Transactions 21(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12932....
44.
Haspullah, R., Ambeng, Hasyim, Z., Soekendarsi, E., 2018. Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Timbal (Pb), Kromium (Cr), dan Kadmium (Cd) pada Kerang Darah Anadara granosa L. di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Pangkep. Repository Unhas. Universitas Hasanuddin, 1-10.
45.
Hatcher, C.L., Filippelli, G.M., 2011. Mercury Cycling in an Urbanized Watershed: The Influence of Wind Distribution and Regional Subwatershed Geometry in Central Indiana, USA. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 219, 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270....
46.
Higueras, P., Fernández-Martínez, R., Esbrí, J.M., Rucandio, I., Loredo, J., Ordóñez, A., Álvarez, R., 2014. Mercury Soil Pollution in Spain: A Review, in: Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 135–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_20....
47.
Hikmatullah, Suparto, 2014. Karakteristik Tanah Sawah dari Endapan Lakustrin di Sulawesi Characteristics of Paddy Soils from Lacustrine Deposit in Sulawesi. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim 38 (1), 1–14.
48.
Huang, L., Rad, S., Xu, L., Gui, L., Song, X., Li, Y., Wu, Z., Chen, Z., 2020. Heavy Metals Distribution, Sources, and Ecological Risk Assessment in Huixian Wetland, South China. Water 12, 431–445. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020....
49.
Idris, M.Y., Ramlan, A., Nathan, M., 2015. Dinamika Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan di Kabupaten Pangkep. Universitas Hasanuddin.
50.
Ihedioha, J.N., Ukoha, P.O., Ekere, N.R., 2017. Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil of a municipal solid waste dump in Uyo, Nigeria. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 39 (3), 497–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653....
51.
Inouye, M., 1989. Teratology of Heavy Metals: Mercury and Other Contaminants. Congenital Anomalies 29, 333–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741....
52.
IPEN, 2013. Mercury Hotspots in Indonesia ASGM sites : Poboya and Sekotong in Indonesia 1–8.
53.
Jackson, A.C., 2018. Chronic Neurological Disease Due to Methylmercury Poisoning. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 45(6), 620–623. https://doi.org/10.1017/cjn.20....
54.
Jackson, L.W., Zullo, M.D., Goldberg, J.M., 2008. The association between heavy metals, endometriosis and uterine myomas among premenopausal women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Human Reproduction 23(3), 679–687. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep....
55.
Kabata-Pendias, A., 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, Fourth. ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
56.
Kaszala, R., Bárány Kevei, I., 2015. Heavy metal concentracions in the soils and vegetation of the Béke-cave watershed (Aggtelek-karst, Hungary). Landscape and Environment 9(2), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.21120/LE/9/....
57.
Khalid Farooq, A., Wiliam HG, H., Alistair D Headley and Mohammad, A., 2006. Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Soils of Northern England. Soil and Water Research 1(4), 158–163. https://doi.org/10.17221/6517-....
58.
Kim, M.K., Zoh, K.D., 2012. Fate and Transport of Mercury in Environmental Media and Human Exposure. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 45(6), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.....
59.
Kompas.com, 2008. Sulsel Punya Tambang Emas Terbesar di Dunia [WWW Document]. URL https://tekno.kompas.com/read/... (accessed 11.11.20).
60.
Kowalska, J.B., Mazurek, R., Gąsiorek, M., Zaleski, T., 2018. Pollution indices as useful tools for the comprehensive evaluation of the degree of soil contamination–A review. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 40, 2395–2420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653....
61.
Kushwaha, A., Hans, N., Kumar, S., Rani, R., 2018. A critical review on speciation, mobilization and toxicity of lead in soil-microbe-plant system and bioremediation strategies. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 147, 1035–1045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoe....
62.
Li, S., Yang, L., Chen, L., Zhao, F., Sun, L., 2019. Spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations in peri-urban soils in eastern China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26 (2), 1615–1627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356....
63.
Li, T., Zhang, M., Lu, Z., Herman, U., Mumbengegwi, D., Crittenden, J., 2016. Effects of heavy metals from soil and dust source on DNA damage of the Leymus chinensis leaves in coal-mining area in Northwest China. PLoS One 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa....
64.
Lian, M., Wang, J., Sun, L., Xu, Z., Tang, J., Yan, J., Zeng, X., 2019. Profiles and potential health risks of heavy metals in soil and crops from the watershed of Xi River in Northeast China. Ecotoxicological and Environmental Safety 169, 442–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoe....
65.
Limbong, D., Kumampung, J., Rimper, J., Arai, T., Miyazaki, N., 2003. Emissions and environmental implications of mercury from artisanal gold mining in north Sulawesi, Indonesia. Science of the Total Environment 302, 227–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-....
66.
Lusantono, O.W., Hantari, Y.N., 2020. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining in Indonesia: A case study of Tobongon, East Bolaang Mongondow district, North Sulawesi province. AIP Conference Proceedings 2245, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0006....
67.
Mallongi, A., 2014. Mercury Contamination and Its Potential Environmental and Health Risks Assessment at Artisanal Buladu Gold Mine in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Mahidol University.
68.
Mallongi, A., Herawaty, 2015. Assessment of mercury accumulation in dry deposition, surface soil and rice grain in Luwuk gold mine, Central Sulawesi. Research Journal of Applied Sciences 10(1), 22–24.
69.
Mallongi, A., Irwan, Rantetampang, A.L., 2014. Assessing the mercury hazard risks among communities and gold miners in Artisanal Buladu Gold Mine, Indonesia. Advanced material research 10, 316–322. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajsr.2....
70.
Mallongi, A., Parkpian, P., Pataranawat, P., Chinwetkitvanich, S., 2015. Mercury distribution and its potential environmental and health risks in aquatic habitat at artisanal buladu gold mine in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 14, 1010–1025. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.20....
71.
Mallongi, A., Stang, Syamsuar, Natsir, M.F., Astuti, R.D.P., Rauf, A.U., Rachmat, M., Muhith, A., 2020. Potential ecological risks of mercury contamination along communities area in tonasa cement industry Pangkep, Indonesia. Enfermería Clínica 30, 119–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfc....
72.
Manduca, P., Naim, A., Signoriello, S., 2014. Specific Association of Teratogen and Toxicant Metals in Hair of Newborns with Congenital Birth Defects or Developmentally Premature Birth in a Cohort of Couples with Documented Parental Exposure to Military Attacks: Observational Study at Al Shifa Hospital. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11(5), 5208–5223. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
73.
Marrugo-Negrete, J., Pinedo-Hernández, J., Díez, S., 2017. Assessment of heavy metal pollution, spatial distribution and origin in agricultural soils along the Sinú River Basin, Colombia. Environmental Research 154, 380–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envr....
74.
Masindi, V., Muedi, K.L., 2018. Environmental Contamination by Heavy Metals, in: Heavy Metals. InTech, pp. 115–133. https://doi.org/10.5772/intech....
75.
Mendes, A.M.S., Duda, G.P., Nascimento, C.W.A. do, Silva, M.O., 2006. Bioavailability of cadmium and lead in a soil amended with phosphorus fertilizers. Scientia Agricola 63(4), 328–332. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-....
76.
Miko, S., Durn, G., Adamcova, R., Covic, M., Dubikova, M., Skalska, R., Kapelj, S., Ottner, F., 2003. Heavy metal distribution in karst soils from Croatia and Slovakia. Environmental Geology 45(2), 262–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254....
77.
Mobarak, Y.M., 2008. Review of the Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenicity of Three Environmental Contaminants (Cadmium , Lead and Mercury), in: The Second International Conference on the Role of Genetics and Biotechnology in Conservation of Natural Resources. pp. 31–43.
78.
Morgan, H., Burca, R. De, Martin, I., Jeffries, J., 2009. Soil Guideline Values for mercury in soil (No. Science project SC050021), Using Soil Guideline Values. Birmingham.
79.
Müller, G., 1969. Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal. 2, 108–118.
80.
Nakazawa, K., Nagafuchi, O., Kawakami, T., Inoue, T., Yokota, K., Serikawa, Y., Basir-Cyio, M., Elvince, R., 2016. Human health risk assessment of mercury vapor around artisanal small-scale gold mining area, Palu city, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 124, 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoe....
81.
Nan, A., Chen, L., Zhang, N., Liu, Z., Yang, T., Wang, Z., Yang, C., Jiang, Y., 2017. A novel regulatory network among LncRpa, CircRar1, MiR-671 and apoptotic genes promotes lead-induced neuronal cell apoptosis. Archives of Toxicology 91(4), 1671–1684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204....
82.
Ngweme, G.N., Atibu, E.K., Al Salah, D.M.M., Muanamoki, P.M., Kiyombo, G.M., Mulaji, C.K., Otamonga, J.-P., Poté, J.W., 2020. Heavy metal concentration in irrigation water, soil and dietary risk assessment of Amaranthus viridis grown in peri-urban areas in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Watershed Ecology and the Environment 2, 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee....
83.
Nieboer, E., Tsuji, L.J.S., Martin, I.D., Liberda, E.N., 2013. Human biomonitoring issues related to lead exposure. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts 15, 1824-1829. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3em00....
84.
Ottesen, R.T., Birke, M., Finne, T.E., Gosar, M., Locutura, J., Reimann, C., Tarvainen, T., 2013. Mercury in European agricultural and grazing land soils. Applied Geochemistry 33, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apge....
85.
Paena, M., Indra, A., Asaad, J., Suhaimi, A., 2015. Analisa Karakteristik Sedimen Sungai Pangkajene Kepulauan dan Tanah Tambak di Sekitarnya (Studi Kasus Kematian Ikan Massal di Sungai Pangkajene Kabupaten Pangkep Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan). Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur, 769–779.
86.
Pavlović, P., Mitrović, M., Dordević, D., Sakan, S., Slobodnik, J., Liška, I., Csanyi, B., Jarić, S., Kostić, O., Pavlović, D., Marinković, N., Tubić, B., Paunović, M., 2016. Assessment of the contamination of riparian soil and vegetation by trace metals - A Danube River case study. Science of the Total Environment 540, 396–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
87.
Pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, 2014. Status lingkungan hidup daerah provinsi sulawesi selatan tahun 2014. Makassar, Indonesia.
88.
Pemkab Maros, 2008. Potensi Pertambangan dan Bahan Galian [WWW Document]. URL https://maroskab.go.id/potensi... (accessed 11.12.20).
89.
Priyono, S., Latif, N.A., Tandjung, S.A.W., 2004. Inventarisasi Dan Evaluasi Mineral Non Logam Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Jakarta.
90.
Putra, M.A.R., 2017. Pemetaan kawasan rawan banjir berbasis sistem informasi geografis (SIG) untuk menentukan titik dan rute evakuasi (Studi Kasus: Kawasan Perkotaan Pangkep, Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan). Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar.
91.
Qiao, P., Yang, S., Lei, M., Chen, T., Dong, N., 2019. Quantitative analysis of the factors influencing spatial distribution of soil heavy metals based on geographical detector. Science of the Total Environment 664, 392–413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
92.
Raj, D., Chowdhury, A., Maiti, S.K., 2017. Ecological risk assessment of mercury and other heavy metals in soils of coal mining area: A case study from the eastern part of a Jharia coal field, India. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 23(4), 767–787. https://doi.org/10.1080/108070....
93.
Ramli, M., Syaifuddin, Baja, S., 2009. Analisis Sebaran Spasial Karakteristik Lahan di Kabupaten Pangkajene Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Agrisistem 5(2), 102–112.
94.
Rauf, A.U., Mallongi, A., Astuti, R.D.P., 2020. Mercury and chromium distribution in soil near maros karst ecosystem. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 15(2), 453–460. https://doi.org/10.26471/CJEES....
95.
Rostami, S., Kamani, H., Shahsavani, S., Hoseini, M., 2020. Environmental monitoring and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland soils: Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Kamfiruz district. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/108070....
96.
Rzymski, P., Tomczyk, K., Rzymski, P., Poniedziałek, B., Opala, T., Wilczak, M., 2015. Impact of heavy metals on the female reproductive system. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 22(2), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.5604/123219....
97.
Santos-Francés, F., Martínez-Graña, A., Rojo, P.A., Sánchez, A.G., 2017. Geochemical background and baseline values determination and spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in soils of the andes mountain range (Cajamarca-Huancavelica, Peru). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, 859–871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
98.
Slivkova, J., Popelkova, M., Massanyi, P., Toporcerova, S., Stawarz, R., Formicki, G., Lukac, N., Putała, A., Guzik, M., 2009. Concentration of trace elements in human semen and relation to spermatozoa quality. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A 44(4), 370–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/109345....
99.
Smith, P., House, J.I., Bustamante, M., Sobocká, J., Harper, R., Pan, G., West, P.C., Clark, J.M., Adhya, T., Rumpel, C., Paustian, K., Kuikman, P., Cotrufo, M.F., Elliott, J.A., McDowell, R., Griffiths, R.I., Asakawa, S., Bondeau, A., Jain, A.K., Meersmans, J., Pugh, T.A.M., 2016. Global change pressures on soils from land use and management. Global Change Biology 22(3), 1008–1028. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13....
100.
Sridhar, B.B.M., Johnson, J., Mosuro, A., 2020. Impact of Land Cover Changes on the Soil and Water Quality of Greens Bayou Watershed. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 231, 510. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270....
101.
Sultan, K., Shazili, N.A., Peiffer, S., 2011. Distribution of Pb, As, Cd, Sn and Hg in soil, sediment and surface water of the tropical river watershed, Terengganu (Malaysia). Journal of Hydro-Environment Research 5(3), 169–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher....
102.
Sun, X., Liu, W., Zhang, B., Shen, X., Hu, C., Chen, X., Jin, S., Jiang, Y., Liu, H., Cao, Z., Xia, W., Xu, S., Li, Y., 2019. Maternal Heavy Metal Exposure, Thyroid Hormones, and Birth Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study. The Journal of Clinal Endocrinology and Metabolism 104(11), 5043–5052. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.201....
103.
Sunti, I., Daud, A., Manyullei, S., 2012. Studi Kandungan Logam Berat Seng (Zn) Dalam Air dan Kerang Baja- Baja(Anodonta Woodiana) Di Sungai Pangkajene Kabupaten Pangkep. Repository Unhas, 1-10.
104.
Suryawanshi, P. V., Rajaram, B.S., Bhanarkar, A.D., Chalapati Rao, C. V., 2016. Determining heavy metal contamination of road dust in Delhi, India. Atmosfera 29(3), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.20937/ATM.2....
105.
Tangahu, B.V., Sheikh Abdullah, S.R., Basri, H., Idris, M., Anuar, N., Mukhlisin, M., 2011. A Review on Heavy Metals (As, Pb, and Hg) Uptake by Plants through Phytoremediation. International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/9....
106.
Tao, H., Liao, X., Li, Y., Xu, C., Zhu, G., Cassidy, D.P., 2020. Quantifying influences of interacting anthropogenic-natural factors on trace element accumulation and pollution risk in karst soil. Science of the Total Environment 721, 137770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
107.
Taslim, I., 2014. Hydrogeology Characteristics of Maros Karst: Case Study Saleh Cave at Patunuangasue Area Simbang District. Universitas Hasanuddin.
108.
Taylor, S.R., 1964. Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a new table. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 28, 1273–1285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7....
109.
Tchounwou, P.B., Yedjou, C.G., Patlolla, A.K., Sutton, D.J., 2012. Heavy Metal Toxicity and the Environment, in: Luch, A. (Ed.), Molecular Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. Springer, Basel, Switzerland, pp. 133–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
110.
Telišman, S., Čolak, B., Pizent, A., Jurasović, J., Cvitković, P., 2007. Reproductive toxicity of low-level lead exposure in men. Environmental Research 105(2), 256–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envr....
111.
Tian, S., Wang, S., Bai, X., Zhou, D., Luo, G., Yang, Y., Hu, Z., Li, C., Deng, Y., Lu, Q., 2020. Ecological security and health risk assessment of soil heavy metals on a village-level scale, based on different land use types. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 42, 3393–3413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653....
112.
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2019. ATSDR’s Substance Priority List [WWW Document]. URL https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/spl/... (accessed 12.25.20).
113.
Usman, A.F., Budimawan, B, P., 2015. Kandungan Logam Berat Pb-Cd dan Kualitas Air di Perairan Biringkassi, Bungoro, Pangkep. Agrokompleks 4, 103–107.
114.
WALHI, 2018. Sulawesi Selatan 2018: Degradasi Lingkungan dan Pengaplingan Ruang Hidup Rakyat Terus Meningkat. Keselamatan Rakyat Terancam.
115.
Wang, F., Zhao, W., Chen, Y., 2019. Spatial Variations of Soil Heavy Metal Potential Ecological Risks in Typical Moso Bamboo Forests of Southeast China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 102(2), 224–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128....
116.
Wang, G., Zhang, S., Xiao, L., Zhong, Q., Li, L., Xu, G., Deng, O., Pu, Y., 2017. Heavy metals in soils from a typical industrial area in Sichuan, China: spatial distribution, source identification, and ecological risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, 16618–16630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356....
117.
Wang, L., Hou, D., Cao, Y., Ok, Y.S., Tack, F.M.G., Rinklebe, J., O’Connor, D., 2020. Remediation of mercury contaminated soil, water, and air: A review of emerging materials and innovative technologies. Environment International 134, 105281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envi....
118.
Wang, M., Liu, J., Lai, J., 2019. Metals pollution and ecological risk assessment of sediments in the Poyang Lake, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 102(4), 511–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128....
119.
Wani, A.L., Ara, A., Usmani, J.A., 2015. Lead toxicity: a review. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 8(2), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1515/intox-....
120.
Weiss-Penzias, P., Jaffe, D.A., McClintick, A., Prestbo, E.M., Landis, M.S., 2003. Gaseous Elemental Mercury in the Marine Boundary Layer: Evidence for Rapid Removal in Anthropogenic Pollution. Environmental Science and Technology 37, 3755–3763. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0341....
121.
Wijayawardena, M.A.A., Megharaj, M., Naidu, R., 2016. Exposure, Toxicity, Health Impacts, and Bioavailability of Heavy Metal Mixtures, in: Advances in Agronomy. Elsevier Inc., pp. 175–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agr....
122.
World Health Organization (WHO), 2019. Lead poisoning and health [WWW Document]. URL https://www.who.int/news-room/... (accessed 4.18.20).
123.
Wu, L., Tan, C., Liu, L., Zhu, P., Peng, C., Luo, Y., Christie, P., 2012. Cadmium bioavailability in surface soils receiving long-term applications of inorganic fertilizers and pig manure. Geoderma 173–174, 224–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geod....
124.
Wu, W. Te, Lin, Y.J., Liou, S.H., Yang, C.Y., Cheng, K.F., Tsai, P.J., Wu, T.N., 2012. Brain cancer associated with environmental lead exposure: Evidence from implementation of a National Petrol-Lead Phase-Out Program (PLPOP) in Taiwan between 1979 and 2007. Environmental International 40(1), 97–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envi....
125.
Wu, W., Qu, S., Nel, W., Ji, J., 2020. The impact of natural weathering and mining on heavy metal accumulation in the karst areas of the Pearl River Basin, China. Science of the Total Environment 734, 139480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
126.
Wuana, R.A., Okieimen, F.E., 2011. Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Sources, Chemistry, Risks and Best Available Strategies for Remediation. International Scholarly Research NetworkEcology. 2011, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/4....
127.
Xie, Y., Fan, J., Zhu, W., Amombo, E., Lou, Y., Chen, L., Fu, J., 2016. Effect of heavy metals pollution on soil microbial diversity and bermudagrass genetic variation. Frontiers in Plant Science 7, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2....
128.
Xu, J., Jing, B., Zhang, K., Cui, Y., Malkinson, D., Kopel, D., Song, K., Da, L., 2017. Heavy metal contamination of soil and tree-ring in urban forest around highway in Shanghai, China. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 23(7), 1745–1762. https://doi.org/10.1080/108070....
129.
Yang, H., Huo, X., Yekeen, T.A., Zheng, Q., Zheng, M., Xu, X., 2013. Effects of lead and cadmium exposure from electronic waste on child physical growth. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20(7), 4441–4447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356....
130.
Yusuf, Z., 2014. Karst Maros-Pangkep dan Perlindingan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung. Jurnal Tanah dan Air, 45–58.
131.
Zhang, P., Qin, C., Hong, X., Kang, G., Qin, M., Yang, D., Pang, B., Li, Y., He, J., Dick, R.P., 2018. Risk assessment and source analysis of soil heavy metal pollution from lower reaches of Yellow River irrigation in China. Science of the Total Environment 633, 1136–1147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
132.
Zhang, W., Liu, M., Li, C., 2020. Soil heavy metal contamination assessment in the Hun-Taizi River watershed, China. Scientific Reports 10(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598....
133.
Zhong, T., Chen, D., Zhang, X., 2016. Identification of Potential Sources of Mercury (Hg) in Farmland Soil Using a Decision Tree Method in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, 1111. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph....
134.
Zhou, J., Feng, K., Li, Y., Zhou, Y., 2016. Factorial Kriging analysis and sources of heavy metals in soils of different land-use types in the Yangtze River Delta of Eastern China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, 14957–14967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356....
135.
Zhou, S., Liu, J., Xu, M., Lv, J., Sun, N., 2015. Accumulation, availability, and uptake of heavy metals in a red soil after 22-year fertilization and cropping. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, 15154–15163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356....
136.
Zhu, Z., Wang, J., Hu, M., Jia, L., 2019. Geographical detection of groundwater pollution vulnerability and hazard in karst areas of Guangxi Province, China. Environmental Pollution 245, 627–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envp....
| eISSN: | 2300-4975 |
| ISSN: | 2300-4967 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
