ORIGINAL PAPER
Properties and indigenous knowledge of soil materials used for consumption, healing and cosmetics in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
1
School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Submission date: 2022-05-18
Final revision date: 2022-11-19
Acceptance date: 2022-12-12
Online publication date: 2022-12-12
Publication date: 2023-01-03
Corresponding author
Nkosinomusa Nomfundo Buthelezi-Dube
School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Carbis Road, 3201, Scottsville, South Africa
School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Carbis Road, 3201, Scottsville, South Africa
Soil Sci. Ann., 2022, 73(4)157408
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Ethnopedological studies focus on agricultural soils resulting in undervaluation of non-agricultural soil materials during land classification. In this study, ethnographic and ethnopedologic methods were used to obtain local knowledge and gain in-depth understanding of non-agricultural soils, their mineralogical and elemental composition relating to application in geophagy, healing and cosmetic purposes in two villages in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In each village a questionnaire was administered to fifty randomly selected individuals from which ten knowledgeable volunteers (including eight geophagists from two villages) provided details on the selection criteria, the desired properties and why the soils performed the claimed role. Users based their selection on macromorphological features (e.g. colour, texture and location within the soil) and indigenous knowledge. Geophagic materials were mainly sourced from C horizons. They were mostly fine-grained with mica, kaolinite and quartz, and elements such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb). Natural pigments, such as iron oxides in highly weathered soils, were recognised as sunscreen materials. Although the mechanisms were not understood by users, laboratory analyses showed that the mineralogical and chemical properties of the soil materials played a crucial role. The sunscreen and healing capabilities of these soils were related to high contents of titanium (TiO2) and iron (Fe2O3) and the presence of kaolinite. Further appraisal of these soil materials is necessary for their conservation and inclusion in land classification.
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