PRACA PRZEGLĄDOWA
Geneza, przekształcenia i klasyfikacja gleb organicznych w Polsce
1
Department of Soil Science and Microbiology,, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,, Polska
2
Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection,, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences,, Polska
3
Department of Soil Science and Microbiology,, Poznań University of Life Sciences,, Polska
4
Department of Soil Science and Microbiology,, 1University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,, Polska
Data nadesłania: 08-08-2024
Data ostatniej rewizji: 08-10-2024
Data akceptacji: 25-10-2024
Data publikacji online: 25-10-2024
Data publikacji: 22-11-2024
Autor do korespondencji
Andrzej Łachacz
Department of Soil Science and Microbiology,, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,, Plac Łódzki 3,, 10–727, Olsztyn, Polska
Department of Soil Science and Microbiology,, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn,, Plac Łódzki 3,, 10–727, Olsztyn, Polska
Soil Sci. Ann., 2024, 75(4)195241
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
STRESZCZENIE
Polskie Towarzystwo Gleboznawcze wybrało gleby organiczne jako gleby roku 2024. Są to gleby zbudowane z materiałów zawierających ≥12% węgla organicznego, do których zaliczamy torfy, gytie i muły, a także gleby zbudowane z utworów ściółkowych (liście, szczątki drzewne i części roślin trawiastych), które zawierają ≥20% węgla organicznego. Specyficzne właściwości tych gleb, przede wszystkim wysoka zawartość węgla organicznego, niska gęstość objętościowa i wysoka porowatość, zdecydowanie odróżnia je od gleb mineralnych. W 6 wydaniu Systematyki gleb Polski wyróżniono cztery główne typy gleb organicznych, tj. gleby torfowe, gleby limnowe, gleby murszowe i gleby ściółkowe. Szacunkowa powierzchnia gleb organicznych w Polsce waha się od 4 do 5%. Gleby te zlokalizowane są głównie w bezodpływowych zagłębieniach terenu i dolinach rzecznych. Wyjątek stanowią gleby ściółkowe występujące głównie na terenach górskich. Wśród gleb organicznych zdecydowanie największą powierzchnię zajmują gleby torfowe i murszowe, użytkowane rolniczo. Gleby organiczne są uważane za największy naturalny lądowy rezerwuar węgla organicznego, jednak obserwowane zmiany klimatu, w połączeniu z intensywną działalnością człowieka wpływają negatywnie na ich potencjał do długotrwałego magazynowania węgla organicznego. W niniejszym artykule przeglądowym przedstawiono: (a) koncepcję gleb organicznych w Polsce; (b) aktualny schemat klasyfikacji gleb organicznych w Polsce oraz ich korelacji z międzynarodowymi systemami (WRB i Soil Taxonomy) (c) przegląd rozmieszczenia, użytkowania, zagrożeń i ochrony gleb organicznych w Polsce; oraz d) potencjalne przyszłe kierunki badań dotyczące gleb organicznych.
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