ORIGINAL PAPER
Optimizing wheat yield and water use efficiency using AquaCrop model calibration and validation in various irrigation and tillage systems under climate change
1
College of Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Iraq
2
College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Iraq
3
College of Environmental Sciences, Al-Qasim Green University, Iraq
4
Medical Laboratory Techniques Department , College of Health and Medical Techniques,, Al-Mustaqbal University, Iraq
5
Department of Environmental Sciences,, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
6
Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, Environment and Natural Resources department, Lebanese University, Lebanon
7
College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Baghdad University, Iraq
8
College of Agriculture, University of Wasit, Wasit, Iraq
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-07-22
Final revision date: 2024-08-24
Acceptance date: 2024-11-11
Online publication date: 2024-11-11
Publication date: 2024-11-20
Soil Sci. Ann., 2024, 75(3)195823
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Modeling achievable yield under water-limiting environments is an imperative goal in arid, semi-arid, and drought-prone locations. This study aimed to calibrate the AquaCrop model simulation based on experience gained at al-Hashimiya District, 20 km east of Babylon, Iraq. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 was grown using deficit irrigation systems (surface and sprinkler irrigation) and different tillage methods (deep, moderate, and zero tillage). A simulation was conducted on the systems, using climate data for a period of 10 years and specific data on the study area, crops grown, and irrigation types. Then, statistical analysis was conducted with the root-mean-square error (RMSE), which refers to compatibility between the results and predictions of the measured values. For 2016–2017 and 2017–2018, RMSE values were 0.764 and 0.643 for biomass, 0.473 and 0.419 for dry matter, 0.141 and 0.154 for water productivity, and 1.59 and 0.946 for harvest index. The R2 values were 0.917 and 0.956 for dry matter, 0.982 and 0.946 for biomass, 0.869 and 0.849 for harvest index, and 0.923 and 0.943 for water productivity from 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. Mean bias error (MBE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were also derived with comparable results. The model results indicated that there is an explicit agreement with the simulated values of the wheat crop. The AquaCrop model can be used to estimate water productivity, dry matter, and biomass to improve agricultural water management and as an input into future research of alternate forms of irrigation.
REFERENCES (68)
1.
Ahmed, M., Aslam, M.A., Hayat, R., Nasim, W., Akmal, M., Mubeen, M., Ahmad, S., 2022. Nutrient Dynamics and the Role of Modeling. In Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture, pp 297–316. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
2.
Akol, A.M., Nassif, N., Jaddoa, K.A., Radhi, K., Hassan, D.F., 2021. Effect of irrigation methods, tillage systems and seeding rate on water consumption, biological yield and harvest index of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Agricultural & Statistical Sciences, 17.
3.
Ali, M.H., Abustan, I., 2013. Irrigation management strategies for winter wheat using AquaCrop model. JNRD-Journal of Natural Resources and Development 3, 106–113. https://doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v....
4.
Ali, Z.A., Hassan, D.F., Mohammed, R.J., 2021. Effect of irrigation level and nitrogen fertilizer on water consumption and faba bean growth. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 722(1), 012043. IOP Publishing.
5.
Aljanbi, A.J.A., Dibs, H., Alyasery, B.H., 2020. Interpolation and statistical analysis for evaluation of global earth gravity models based on GPS and orthometric heights in the middle of Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Science 61(7), 1823–1830.
6.
Andarzian, B., Bakhshandeh, A., Bannayan, M., Emam, Y., Fathi, G., Saeed, K.A., 2008. WheatPot: A simple model for spring wheat yield potential using monthly weather data. Biosystem Engineering 99, 487–495, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios....
7.
Andarzian, B., Bannayan, M., Steduto, P., Mazraeh, H., Barati, M., Barati, M., Rahnama, A., 2011. Validation and testing of the AquaCrop model under full and deficit irrigated wheat production in Iran. Agricultural Water Management 100, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwa....
8.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1975. Official Methods of Analysis; Association of official Analytical chemists: Washington, DC, USA.
9.
Baldini, M., Vannozzi, G.P., 1999. Yield relationships under drought in sunflower enotypes obtain from a wild population and cultivated sun-flowers in rain-out shelter in large pots and field experiments. HELIA 22, 81–96.
10.
Chabuk, A., AM Al-Zubaidi, H., Abdalkadhum, A.J., Al-Ansari, N., Ali Abed, S., Al-Maliki, A., Ewaid, S., 2021. Application ArcGIS on Modified-WQI Method to Evaluate Water Quality of the Euphrates River, Iraq, Using Physicochemical Parameters. In Proceedings of Sixth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology: ICICT 2021, London 2, 657–675. Singapore. Springer Singapore.
11.
Craicum, M.C., 1996. Water and nitrogen use efficiency under limited water supply for maize to increase land productivity. In Nuclear Techniques to Assess Irrigation Schedules for Field Crops IAFA.TECDOC-888, pp. 203–210.
12.
Doorenbos, J., Kassam, A., Bentvelsen, C., Uittenbogaard, G., 1980. Yield Response to Water. Irrigation and Agricultural Development, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 257-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0....
13.
Farahani, H.J., Izzi, G., Oweis, T.Y., 2009. Parameterization and Evaluation of the AquaCrop Model for Full and Deficit Irrigated Cotton. Agronomy Journal 101, 469–476. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj....
14.
FAO.Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. Food Outlook, Need for External Assistance; June 2017.
15.
García-Vila, M., Fereres, E., Mateos, L., Orgaz, F., Steduto, P., 2009. Deficit Irrigation Optimization of Cotton with AquaCrop. Agronomy Journal 101. 477–487. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj....
16.
Garofalo, P., Ventrella, D., Kersebaum, K. C., Gobin, A., Trnka, M., Giglio, L., Castellini, M., 2019. Water footprint of winter wheat under climate change: Trends and uncertainties associated to the ensemble of crop models. Science of the Total Environment 658, 1186–1208.
17.
Geerts, S., Raes, D., Garcia, M., Miranda, R., Cusicanqui, J.A., Taboada, C., Mendoza, J., Huanca, R., Mamani, A., Condori, O., 2009. Simulating Yield Response of Quinoa to Water Availability with AquaCrop. Agronomy Journal 101, 499–508. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj....
18.
Ghoochanian, M., Ansari, H., Fashaee, M., 2019. Improvement of Water Consumption prouctivity in Wheat Cultivars under Different Irrigation Scenarios Using Aquacrop Model (Mashhad Case Study). Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage13, 657–666.
19.
Greaves, G.E., Wang, Y.-M., 2016. Assessment of FAO AquaCrop Model for Simulating Maize Growth and Productivity under Deficit Irrigation in a Tropical Environment. Water 8, 557. https://doi.org/10.3390/w81205....
20.
Hassan, D.F., Ati, A.S., Naima, A.S., 2023. Evaluation of the performance of the aquacrop model under different irrigation and cultivation methods and their effect on water consumption. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 54(2), 478–490.
21.
Hassan, D., Thamer, T., Mohammed, R., Almaeini, A., Nassif, N., 2023. Calibration and Evaluation of AquaCrop Model Under Different Irrigation Methods for Maize (Zea mays L.) in Central Region of Iraq. In: Kallel, A., et al. Selected Studies in Environmental Geosciences and Hydrogeosciences. CAJG 2020. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
22.
Heng, L.K., Hsiao, T., Evett, S.R., Howell, T., Steduto, P., 2009. Validating the FAO AquaCrop Model for Irrigated and Water Deficient Field Maize. Agronomy Journal 101, 488–498. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj....
23.
Hsiao, T.C., Heng, L., Steduto, P., Rojas-Lara, B., Raes, D., Fereres, E., 2009. AquaCrop-The FAO Crop Model to Simulate Yield Response to Water: III. Parameterization and Testing for Maize. Agronomy Journal 101, 448–459. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj....
24.
Huang, M., Wang, C., Qi, W., Zhang, Z., Xu, H., 2022. Modelling the integrated strategies of deficit irrigation, nitrogen fertilization, and biochar addition for winter wheat by AquaCrop based on a two-year field study. Field Crops Research 282, 108510.
25.
Hussain, S., Amin, A., Mubeen, M., Khaliq, T., Shahid, M., Hammad, H.M., Nasim, W., 2022. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies. In Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture, pp. 319–338. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
26.
Hussain, S., Mubeen, M., Nasim, W., Fahad, S., Ali, M., Ehsan, M. A., Raza, A., 2023. Investigation of Irrigation Water Requirement and Evapotranspiration for Water Resources Management in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Sustainability 15(3), 1768. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1503....
27.
Hussein, F., Janat, M., Yakoub, A., 2011. Simulating cotton yield response to deficit irrigation with the FAO AquaCrop model. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 9, 1319. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2....
28.
Iqbal, M.A., Shen, Y.-J., Stricevic, R., Pei, H., Sun, H., Amiri, E., Penas, A., Del Rio, S., 2014. Evaluation of the FAO AquaCrop model for winter wheat on the North China Plain under deficit irrigation from field experiment to regional yield simulation. Agricultural Water Management 135, 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwa....
29.
Jaafer, A.A., Mohammed, R.J., Hassan, D.F., 2020. Studying the thermodynamic parameters for the evaluation of potassium availability by adding organic matter. Biochemical & Cellular Archives, 20(1), 785-789.
30.
Jaddoa, K., Salih, H.M., 2013. Fertilization of wheat crop. In Extension Leaflet No2 Ministry of Agriculture; Republic of lraq.
31.
Jafaar, A.A., Mohammed, R.J., Hassan, D.F., 2022. Effect of phosphorus fertilizer and irrigation level on desert soil management and potato yield. International Journal of Agricultural & Statistical Sciences, 18(2), 1-11.
32.
Jafaar, A.A., Mohammed, R.J., Hassan, D.F., Thamer, T.Y., 2023. Effect of Foliar Seaweed and Different Irrigation Levels on Water Consumption, Growth and Yield of Wheat. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1252(1), 012057. IOP Publishing.
33.
Jin, H., et al., 2018. Conservation tillage enhances soil moisture and water use efficiency of wheat and maize in the Loess Plateau, China. Agricultural Water Management 202, 19–28.
34.
Katerji, N., Campi, P., Mastrorilli, M., 2013. Productivity, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of corn and tomato crops simulated by AquaCrop under contrasting water stress conditions in the Mediterranean region. Agricultural Water Management 130, 14–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwa....
35.
Khaliq, M.A., Javed, M.T., Hussain, S., et al., 2022. Assessment of heavy metal accumulation and health risks in okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.) and spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L.) fertigated with wastwater. Food Contamination 9, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40550....
36.
Kheir, A.M., Alkharabsheh, H.M., Seleiman, M.F., Al-Saif, A.M., Ammar, K.A., Attia, A., Schillaci, C., 2021. Calibration and validation of AQUACROP and APSIM models to optimize wheat yield and water saving in arid regions. Land 10(12), 1375.
37.
Kuschel-Otárola, M., Schütze, N., Holzapfel, E., Godoy-Faúndez, A., Mialyk, O., Rivera, D., 2020. Estimation of Yield Response Factor for Each Growth Stage under Local Conditions Using AquaCrop-OS. Water 12, 1080. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041....
38.
Li, T., Li, H. Y., 2018. Effects of irrigation methods on soil water distribution and use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management 204, 54-63.
39.
Liu, Y., Song, W., 2020. Modelling crop yield, water consumption, and water use efficiency for sustainable agroecosystem management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253, 119940.
40.
Mane, S., Das, N., Singh, G., Cosh, M., Dong, Y., 2024. Advancements in dielectric soil moisture sensor Calibration: A comprehensive review of methods and techniques. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 218, 108686.
41.
Marta, A.D., Chirico, G.B., Bolognesi, S. F., Mancini, M., D’Urso, G., Orlandini, S., De Michele, C., Altobelli, F., 2019. Integrating Sentinel-2 Imagery with AquaCrop for Dynamic Assessment of Tomato Water Requirements in Southern Italy. Agronomy 9, 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrono....
42.
Mibulo, T., Kiggundu, N., 2018. Evaluation of FAO AquaCrop Model for Simulating Rainfed Maize Growth and Yields in Uganda. Agronomy 8, 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrono....
43.
Mkhabela, M.S., Bullock, P.R., 2012. Performance of the FAO AquaCrop model for wheat grain yield and soil moisture simulation in Western Canada. Agricultural Water Management 110, 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwa....
44.
Mohammed, R.J., Suliman, A.A., 2023. Land Suitability Assessment for Wheat Production Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Parametric Method in Babylon Province. Journal of Ecological Engineering 24(7), 75–87 .
45.
Mohammed, R.J., Abdulkadhim, K.A., Hassan, D.F., Kadhim, T.F., 2019. Effect of wheat straw as organic matter and different water quality on some chemical soil properties and growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 344(1), 012034. IOP Publishing.
46.
Mohammed, R.J., Hameed, I.A., Thamer, T.Y., 2022. Effect of Using Different Types of Well Water in Karbala Governorate on Soil and Plant. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 23, 202--207.
47.
Mubeen, M., Bano, A., Ali, B., Islam, Z.U., Ahmad, A., Hussain, S., Fahad S., Nasim. W., 2021. Effect of plant growth promoting bacteria and drought on spring maize (Zea mays L.). Pakistan Journal Botany 53(2), 731–739. https://doi.org/10.30848/PJB20...).
48.
Nain, A.S., Kersebaum, K.C., 2007. Calibration and validation of CERES-wheat model for simulating water and nutrients in Germany. In Modeling Water and Nutrient Dynamics in Soil–Crop Systems; Springer: pp. 161–181.
49.
Nash, J.E., Sutcliffe, J.V., 1970. River flow forecasting through conceptual models: I. A discussion of principles. Journal of Hydrology 10, 282–290.
50.
Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao, T. C., Fereres, E., 2009. AquaCrop-The FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water: reference manual annexes. URL: www.fao. org/nr/water/aquacrop.html (Accessed 18 October 2016).
51.
Raes, D., Steduto, P., Hsiao, T.C., Fereres, E., 2009. AquaCrop—The FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water. II. Main algorithms and software description. Agronomy Journal 101, 438–447.
52.
Robertson, M.J., Giunta, F., 1994. Responses of spring wheat exposed to pre-An thesis water stress. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 45, 19–45.
53.
Rodriguez, A.V.C., Ober, E., 2019. Ober AquaCropR: Crop Growth Model for R. Agronomy 9, 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrono....
54.
Rosa, S.L.K., De Souza, J.L.M., Tsukahara, R.Y., 2020. Performance of the AquaCrop model for the wheat crop in the subtropical zone in Southern Brazil. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 55. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-....
55.
Salazar, O., Wesström, I., Youssef, M.A., Skaggs, R.W., Joel, A., 2009. Evaluation of the DRAINMOD–N II model for predicting nitrogen losses in a loamy sand under cultivation in south-east Sweden. Agricultural Water Management 96, 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwa....
56.
Salemi, H., Soom, M.A.M., Lee, T.S., Mousavi, S.F., Ganji, A., Yusoff, M.K., 2011. Application of AquaCrop model in deficit irrigation management of winter wheat in arid region. African Journal of Agricultural Research 610(10), 2204-2215.
57.
Sato, G.J., Joshua, M.K., Ngongondo, C., Chipungu, F., Malidadi, C., Monjerezi, M., 2020. Evaluation of Different Tillage Systems for Improved Agricultural Production in Drought-Prone Areas of Malawi. In Sustainable Development Goals Series; Springer Science and Business Media LLC pp. 157–167.
58.
Silungwe, F.R., Graef, F., Bellingrath-Kimura, S.D., Tumbo, S.D., Kahimba, F.C., Lana, M., 2018. Crop Upgrading Strategies and Modelling for Rainfed Cereals in a Semi-Arid Climate–A Review. Water 10, 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040....
59.
Steduto, P., Hsiao, T.C., Raes, D., Fereres, E., 2009. AquaCrop-The FAO Crop Model to Simulate Yield Response to Water: I. Concepts and Underlying Principles. Agronomy Journal 101, 426–437. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj....
60.
Stričević, R., Cosic, M., Djurovic, N., Pejic, B., Maksimovic, L., 2011. Assessment of the FAO AquaCrop model in the simulation of rainfed and supplementally irrigated maize, sugar beet and sunflower. Agricultural Water Management 98, 1615–1621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwa....
61.
Todorovic, M., Albrizio, R., Zivotic, L., Saab, M.T.A., Stöckle, C., Steduto, P., 2009. Assessment of AquaCrop, CropSyst, and WOFOST Models in the Simulation of Sunflower Growth under Different Water Regimes. Agronomy Journal 101, 509–521. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj....
62.
Toumi, J., Er-Raki, S., Ezzahar, J., Khabba, S., Jarlan, L., Chehbouni, A., 2016. Performance assessment of AquaCrop model for estimating evapotranspiration, soil water content and grain yield of winter wheat in Tensift Al Haouz (Morocco): Application to irrigation management. Agricultural Water Management, 163, 219-235.
63.
Toumi, J., Er-Raki, S., Ezzahar, J., Khabba, S., Jarlan, L., Chehbouni, A., 2016. Performance assessment of AquaCrop model for estimating evapotranspiration, soil water content and grain yield of winter wheat in Tensift Al Haouz (Morocco): Application to irrigation management. Agricultural Water Management 163, 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwa....
65.
Wang, W., Dong, X., Lu, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, R., Li, M., Pu, X. 2018. Soil water balance and water use efficiency of rain-fed maize under a cool temperate climate as modeled by the AquaCrop. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 246, p. 01059). EDP Sciences.
66.
Willmott, C.J., 1982. Some comments on the evaluation of model performance. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 63, 1309–1313.
67.
Zeleke, K.T., 2019. AquaCrop Calibration and Validation for Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) under Different Agronomic Managements. Agronomy 9, 320. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrono....
68.
Zeleke, K.T., Nendel, C., 2019. Testing and Application of the AquaCrop Model for Wheat Production Under Different Field Management Conditions in South-Eastern Australia. Agric. Res. 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003....
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2300-4975 |
| ISSN: | 2300-4967 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
