PRACA ORYGINALNA
Rozmieszczenie składników odżywczych w biomasie brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula Roth) porastającej gleby porolne
Więcej
Ukryj
1
Institute of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Polska
Data nadesłania: 13-06-2024
Data ostatniej rewizji: 24-09-2024
Data akceptacji: 13-11-2024
Data publikacji online: 13-11-2024
Data publikacji: 20-11-2024
Autor do korespondencji
Beata Rustowska
Institute of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska Str. 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Polska
Soil Sci. Ann., 2024, 75(3)195922
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
STRESZCZENIE
Zalesianie dawnych gruntów rolnych jest powszechną praktyką na glebach niskiej jakości, gdy tradycyjna produkcja nie jest już opłacalna. Aby przynajmniej utrzymać, a najlepiej poprawić zdrowie i jakość gleby, kluczowe jest zrozumienie wpływu różnych gatunków drzew na środowisko glebowe. Śledzenie składników odżywczych, w tym ich zawartości, biodostępności, bioakumulacji w biomasie i powrotu do gleby poprzez opad ściółki, jest ważne w tym zakresie. Chociaż brzoza brodawkowata jest często stosowana w zalesieniach, wiedza na temat jej ekologii, w tym kwestia składników odżywczych, jest wciąż niewystarczająca. W związku z tym podjęliśmy szeroko zakrojone badania w celu określenia bioakumulacji głównych składników odżywczych (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) w biomasie brzozy brodawkowatej rosnącej na glebach porolnych, reprezentujących różne stany troficzne i stopnie deformacji, w umiarkowanych warunkach klimatycznych. Badaniami objęto cztery drzewostany reprezentujące różne tekstury gleb (gliniaste i piaszczyste) oraz wiek (10 i 35 lat). Próbki gleby (z głębokości 0–10, 10–20, 20–40 i 40–80 cm) i biomasy (drobne korzenie, grube korzenie, drewno pnia, kora, grube gałęzie, drobne gałęzie i liście) zostały zebrane i przeanalizowane przy użyciu standardowych procedur. Gleby były kwaśne i umiarkowanie zasobne w całkowity węgiel organiczny i N, ale ogólnie ubogie w pozostałe pierwiastki. Zawartość pierwiastków była silnie zróżnicowana między organami brzozy, osiągając najwyższe wartości w liściach, a następnie w korzeniach (N, P, K, Mg, S), korze (Mn, Cu) i gałęziach (Ca). Żelazo występowało w największych ilościach w drobnych korzeniach, Zn w korze. Wśród makroskładników najwyższą intensywność bioakumulacji odnotowano dla N, a następnie S, P i Ca, podczas gdy najwyższą intensywność wśród mikroelementów odnotowano dla Zn. Statystycznie istotne różnice odnotowano w kilku przypadkach między drzewostanami, pod względem poszczególnych frakcji biomasy i ich zawartości pierwiastków oraz współczynników bioakumulacji. Uzyskane przez nas wyniki wskazują na wpływ właściwości gleby oraz porolnego charakteru stanowiska na akumulację składników pokarmowych w biomasie brzozy brodawkowatej. Stwierdzono, że brzoza brodawkowata rosnąca na glebach porolnych wykazuje zwiększoną akumulację niektórych składników pokarmowych, zwłaszcza P i S. Ponadto potwierdzono silną bioakumulację Zn i Mn przez ten gatunek.
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