REVIEW PAPER
Nitrogen transformations from nitrogen fertilizers in soils of central and eastern Europe in changing climatic conditions
1
Department of Environmental Chemistry and Risk Assesment, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Poland
2
Chair of Agricultural Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
Submission date: 2020-06-16
Final revision date: 2020-11-29
Acceptance date: 2021-01-14
Online publication date: 2021-04-06
Publication date: 2021-04-06
Corresponding author
Marta Kijeńska
Zakład Chemii Środowska i Oceny Ryzyka, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Krucza 5/11 d, 00-548, Warsaw, Polska
Zakład Chemii Środowska i Oceny Ryzyka, Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Krucza 5/11 d, 00-548, Warsaw, Polska
Soil Sci. Ann., 2021, 72(1)132440
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Agriculture contributes to global warming mainly through the emission of methane and nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide is particularly important, as it accounts for a significant share of total nitrogen emissions from arable land It is produced as a result of anaerobic microbiological changes of nitrogen introduced into the soil along with mineral fertilizers. Changes in weather patterns in response to climate change may significantly affect the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in agriculture, and, consequently, entail undesirable environmental effects. This issue is of particular importance in view of the dominant role that this fertilizer element plays in agriculture, and, on the other hand, due to the global environmental risk within the “nitrogen cycle”. The analysis, carried out in this paper indicates, that transformations of nitrogen compounds in the soil, caused predominantly by the climate condition, result in nitrogen release from the agricultural production area. The dispersion in the form of molecular nitrogen (N2) is mainly the result of denitrification processes. By this way over 50% of nitrogen lost from agriculture is dissipated from the agricultural land. From the agricultural point of view, denitrification is a process that limits the resources of available nitrogen, but from the environmental viewpoint, this process should be considered as a natural mechanism of environmental self-purification and water protection. Although it constitutes only about 25% of the total loss of this element the dilution of nitrogen from agricultural areas by leaching, is considered to be the most cumbersome for the water environment.
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