PRACA ORYGINALNA
Zróżnicowanie jednostek syntaksonomicznych roślinności użytków zielonych w zależności od właściwości fizykochemicznych gleb torfowych w dolinie rzeki Obry
1
Katedra Gleboznawstwa i Mikrobiologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, Polska
2
Katedra Łąkarstwa i Krajobrazu Przyrodniczego, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, Polska
3
Katedra Geobotaniki i Planowania Krajobrazu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Polska
Data nadesłania: 24-04-2024
Data ostatniej rewizji: 04-06-2024
Data akceptacji: 16-06-2024
Data publikacji online: 16-06-2024
Data publikacji: 12-07-2024
Autor do korespondencji
Justyna Mencel
Katedra Gleboznawstwa i Mikrobiologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, Szydłowska 50, 60-665, Poznań, Polska
Katedra Gleboznawstwa i Mikrobiologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, Szydłowska 50, 60-665, Poznań, Polska
Soil Sci. Ann., 2024, 75(2)190113
SŁOWA KLUCZOWE
STRESZCZENIE
Celem pracy było przedstawienie struktury fitosocjologicznej wybranych zbiorowisk trawiastych na płytkich glebach torfowych podlegających procesowi murszenia (humifikacji i mineralizacji torfu). Obszar badań zlokalizowany był pomiędzy północnym, środkowym i południowym kanałem rzeki Obry (Nizina Wielkopolska, centralna Polska). Badania glebowe przeprowadzono w maju i wrześniu 2022 roku, a badania fitosocjologiczne w maju i wrześniu 2022–2023 roku. Próbki gleby do analiz laboratoryjnych pobrano z najwyższych poziomów glebowych na głębokości 0–20 cm w 20 punktach badawczych. Wykonano 76 zdjęć fitosocjologicznych. Wyróżniono pięć jednostek syntaksonomicznych roślinności: Molinietum caeruleae, zbiorowisko z Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra, Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Lolio-Cynosuretum i Alopecuretum pratensis. Zbiorowiskiem o najwyższych wartościach wskaźnika różnorodności i liczbie gatunków odnotowanych w zdjęciach fitosocjologicznych było Molinietum caeruleae, podczas gdy najuboższym w gatunki z najniższym wskaźnikiem było Lolio-Cynosuretum. Gleby zostały sklasyfikowane jako Umbric Gleysols, Mollic/Umbric Gleysols, Histic Gleysols, Histic Gleysols (Murshic). Najwyższe zawartości TOC i TN odnotowano dla zbiorowiska Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra, a najniższą dla Arrhenatheretum elatioris. Wartości pH wskazywały na gleby lekko kwaśne w przypadku następujących zbiorowisk: Alopecuretum pratensis, Molinietum caeruleae, Lolio-Cynosuretum, zb. Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra oraz gleby lekko zasadowe w przypadku Arrhenatheretum elatioris. Wyniki analizy dyskryminacyjnej wykazały, że najważniejszym statystycznie istotnym czynnikiem różnicującym zbiorowiska roślinne było pH gleby mierzone zarówno w H2O, jak i w KCl. Zbiorowisko Molinietum caeruleae występowało na glebach ubogich w składniki mineralne o stosunkowo wysokim stosunku C:N. Wskaźnik różnorodności Shannona-Wienera był istotnie ujemnie skorelowany z TOC i TN. Wskazane jest dalsze utrzymywanie badanych stanowisk jako roślinności łąkowej. Zbiorowiska użytków zielonych mają szanse na przetrwanie w procesie murszenia, pod warunkiem prawidłowego użytkowania (regularnego koszenia lub wypasania i nawożenia) i regulacji stosunków wodnych. Użytki zielone, oprócz wzbogacania gleb w składniki pokarmowe, stwarzają najlepsze warunki do ograniczenia procesu rozkładu materii organicznej w poziomach akumulacyjnych i próchnicznych o charakterze murszowym, co jest niezwykle istotne w obliczu zmian klimatycznych.
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