ORIGINAL PAPER
Appropriate agro-environmental strategy for ZnO-nanoparticle foliar application on soybean
1
Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources,, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra,, Slovak Republic
2
Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
3
Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic
4
Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources,, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
5
Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic
6
Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
7
School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University,, China
Submission date: 2024-05-14
Final revision date: 2024-07-24
Acceptance date: 2024-09-16
Online publication date: 2024-09-17
Publication date: 2024-11-13
Corresponding author
Marek Kolenčík
Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76, Nitra, Slovak Republic
Soil Sci. Ann., 2024, 75(3)193449
KEYWORDS
Sustainable agricultureSoybeanZnO nanoparticlesFluvisolsSoil-metals phytoavailabilitySoil microbial respirationPollen viability
ABSTRACT
Although the nanoparticle (NP) utilization in agronomy is currently orientated to intensify crop yield, the potential negative effects on soil and plant reproductive organs, including effects on pollen are largely absent in the literature. For this reason, our study was set to evaluate the impact of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the selective properties of Fluvisol, on the direct microbial activity and zinc (Zn) phytoavailability, and crop yield after their foliar application on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] under field conditions. Additionally, the potential hazardous impact to plant reproductive structures was evaluated, focusing on the agronomically and environmentally sensitive biomarker – pollen viability. The soil biological activity was evaluated through microbial respiration while Zn phytoavailability was determined using reaction agents with nutrients analysis conducted through flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). Pollen viability was evaluated using the iodine potassium iodide (IPI) test. The experiments were carried out at an experimental site of the Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources (FAFR) at the Slovak University of Agriculture (SUA) in Nitra, located in Central Europe, during the 2023 vegetation season. Depending on increasing concentrations of ZnO-NPs through order of 1.4, 14, and 140 mg∙L–1, revealed no harmful effect on soil microbial activity or hazardous Zn accumulation in the context of its Fluvisol-phytoavailable distribution compared to NPs-free control. A positive impact on soybean pollen viability was observed at all applied ZnO-NP concentrations compared to the NP-free control. The highest pollen viability, reaching up to 97.04%, was achieved at a concentration of 1.4 mg∙L–1, and, subsequently, it slightly decreased with increasing concentrations of ZnO-NPs. Moreover, the application of ZnO-NPs had a positive impact on soybean weight of thousand seeds and seed yield, where it’s the highest concentration was the most effective. Thus, our results directly demonstrate the positive efficiency on selective properties of soil and reproductive structure – pollen, where ZnO-NP spray application acted positively and stimulatingly. Additionally, ZnO-NPs had positive impact on weight of thousand seeds (TSW) and seed yield. Therefore, the use of nanoparticles in foliar applications could be considered as kind of novelty in precision and sustainable agriculture.
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